C1–C2 Writing

Stage 1 – Brainstorming (10 minutes)

Prompt: To what extent can individuals shape their future through intentional action and mindset?

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💡 Epistemic Modal Examples:

• "It is highly probable that..."

• "People may well discover..."

• "This could potentially lead to..."

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💡 Deontic Modal Examples:

• "It is imperative that individuals..."

• "One must consider..."

• "It is essential to..."

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Stage 2 – First Draft (10 minutes)

Now combine your brainstorming ideas into a coherent essay. Aim for 200-300 words.

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✏️ First Draft Tips:

• Focus on getting your ideas down—don't worry about perfection yet

• Include at least 2-3 epistemic modals (might, could, probably, arguably)

• Include at least 2-3 deontic modals (must, should, it is essential that)

• Aim for clear paragraphs: introduction, body, conclusion

Stage 3 – Final Draft (10 minutes)

Refine your essay. Enhance vocabulary, vary sentence structure, and strengthen your modal usage.

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🎯 Final Draft Checklist:

✓ Varied modal expressions (don't repeat the same ones)

✓ Advanced vocabulary and complex sentences

✓ Clear argument with supporting examples

✓ Proper paragraph structure and transitions

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